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3 dilemmas on keeping AI under control are converging
States, regulators and humans are increasingly struggling to keep powerful artificial intelligence under control
4-MIN READ4-MIN
Hao Nan is a Susan Strange Associate Fellow with the Helsinki Geoeconomics Society, and a Nuclear Futures Fellow with Ploughshares Fund & Horizon 2045.
In March, artificial intelligence agents powered by leading Chinese models reportedly displayed deception, concealed failure and pushed against imposed limits in controlled tests. In July, OpenAI’s internal research model circumvented controls meant to keep it offline and accessed developer platform Hugging Face’s systems. In August, Britain’s AI Security Institute uncovered unsanctioned agent behaviour against real people and organisations, including an attempted supply-chain attack on an open-source project.
These episodes do not show that AI systems have become independently hostile. They expose a broader problem: control over advanced AI is becoming harder at three levels at once.
Regulators struggle to oversee companies with greater technical capacity. States struggle to trust rivals enough to slow the technological race. Humans increasingly struggle to verify and control autonomous systems whose behaviour they cannot fully observe.
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