Sudden temperature changes can irritate the respiratory tract and increase the risk of asthma attacks, bronchitis and sinusitis, as well as the onset of infections. To reduce these effects, the main recommendations are to stay hydrated, wash hands frequently and keep vaccines and continuous-use medications up to date.
This Monday (21), temperatures could reach 31°C in the city of São Paulo, according to Inmet (National Institute of Meteorology). On Wednesday (23), however, the maximum is expected to plummet to 14°C, with a minimum of 11°C.
According to pulmonologist Elie Fiss, from Delboni and Alta laboratories (Dasa), sudden drops in temperature can cause increased mucus production and reduced movement of the respiratory cilia, which help carry secretions outward. This can promote the onset of respiratory infections.
The bronchi, the tubes that carry air into the lungs, can become more sensitive and respond to temperature changes with coughing and wheezing, symptoms common in asthma and bronchitis.
Those who already have a chronic respiratory disease must not interrupt their treatment. According to the pulmonologist, suspending medications can trigger bronchospasm episodes, when the bronchi contract and become narrower, making it difficult for air to pass through.
The sudden temperature variation is occurring at a time when there is also seasonal circulation of respiratory viruses, such as influenza (the flu).
Hydration is essential to keep the body prepared for temperature variations. The guidance is to drink water regularly throughout the day.
Fiss also recommends keeping vaccinations up to date, especially immunizations that protect against respiratory infections such as flu and Covid-19.
Another precaution is to adapt clothing to the weather. On days with large variations, garments that can be removed or added as the weather changes help avoid prolonged exposure to cold or heat.
Keeping environments well-ventilated is also important. Windows and doors can be left open whenever possible.
Respiratory infections can be transmitted from person to person, and maintaining hand hygiene prevents the spread of microorganisms.
